Relationship between Uranium Minerals and Pyrite and Its Genetic Significance in the Mianhuakeng Deposit, Northern Guangdong Province

Granite-related uranium ore is an important uranium resource type in China and worldwide. Whether the uranium geochemical theory “U6+ oxidative migration and U4+ reductive precipitation” is applicable to the granite-related uranium mineralization theory has not been determined. Detailed field and petrographic work, as well as scanning electron microscopy energy spectrum analysis, are conducted in this study to analyze the relationship between uranium minerals and pyrite from different ore types and evaluate the mechanism for the precipitation and enrichment of uranium in the Mianhuakeng uranium deposit of northern Guangdong. Uranium ore bodies in the Mianhuakeng deposit generally occur as vein-filling or vein-disseminated types. Four different kinds of ores are recognized: fluorite, carbonate, siliceous, and reddening types. Despite differences in the mineral assemblages, veined ores share similar characteristics and show that uranium minerals (1) occur in the central part or periphery of vein-filling ores or in interphase arrangements with syn-ore fluorite, quartz, or calcite veins; (2) occur as veinlets or are disseminated in cataclastic altered granite; (3) are inlaid with gangue minerals, primarily calcite, fluorite, and microcrystalline quartz; and (4) are closely associated with pyrite in aggregates or relatively independent states, forming straight boundaries with syn-ore gangue minerals that have euhedral and intact crystals and show mosaic growth features. All these results indicate that both pyrite and uranium minerals are co-crystallized products of the ore-forming fluid. Combined with previous research suggesting that the reducing fluid was sourced from mantle, this study shows that decreased pressure and temperature, as well as changes in pH and the solubility (saturation) of changes, rather than the redox reaction, caused the uranium precipitation in the Mianhuakeng deposit.