Prevalence of COVID-19 among Mothers and Infant and Their Factors of Infection Transmission: A Cross-sectional Study

Aims: This study aims to determine the prevalence of newborns infected with COVID-19 and the factors associated with the transmission of COVID-19 infection in newborns.

Study Design: Research method, cross-sectional design, retrospective. The sample consisted of 145 infants, the inclusion criteria were 0-28 days, and the mother was infected with COVID-19.

Place and Duration of Study: The research location is one of the hospitals in DKI Jakarta Selatan. Implementation from March to May 2022.

Methodology: The instrument of observation used the medical records of mothers and babies. Chi-Square and Mann-Whitney data analysis.

Results: The results showed the characteristics of pregnant women infected with COVID-19: the average age of 29.87 years, gestational age of 37 weeks, and gestational age at delivery of 37 weeks. The prevalence of COVID-19 infection in infants born to mothers exposed to COVID-19 at the age of 0 days was 99.3%. 101 (69.7%) delivery by cesarean section, 44 (30.3%) spontaneous delivery. Transmission of COVID-19 to neonates based on transplacental factors was seen from the maternal D dimer value (p-value < 0.05). The relationship between confounding factors that affect the transmission of COVID-19 infection in neonates from pregnant women aged 26-35 years is the gestational age of the mother when infected. Likewise, the confounding factor of gestational age, namely maturity, has an effect on COVID-19 infection in neonates seen from gestational age at delivery.

Conclusion: The prevalence of infants infected with COVID-19 occurs at the age of 0 days, infection transmission is estimated from birth.