Assessment of Physico-Chemical Properties of Soil from Different Villages of Kushinagar District, Uttar Pradesh, India

The present experiment was carried out during 2022 and consisted of soil sample collection from the designated sitesand laboratory experiments which was conducted in Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj-211007(U.P.). The primary goals of this study were to investigate the physico-chemical characteristics of soil at various depths. To determine the availability of macronutrients in soil samples from Kushinagar, District, UttarPradesh, and to provide an assessment, 9 sampling locations were chosen. The depths at which soil samples were taken were 0–15, 15–30 and 30–45 cm, respectively. The soil colour (dry condition) Results revealed that the soil colour in dry condition varies from Olive yellow to Olive grey and the colour in wet condition varies from Olive brown to Dark greyish. The soil texture was dominantly sandy loam in almost every site.The bulk density (Mg m⁻3) ranged from 1.35(Mg m⁻3) to 1.43(Mg m⁻3). The practical density (Mg m⁻3) ranged from 2.41 (Mg m⁻3) to 2.53(Mgm⁻3). The pore space (%) ranged from 43.87(%)to 48.87(%). The water holding capacity (%) ranged from 34.01(%) to 42.36(%). The soil pH ranged from 7.50 to 7.99 Indicating Neutral to alkalinein nature. The electrical conductivity ranged from 0.12 (dS m-1) to 0.33(dS m-1). The soil organic carbon (%) ranged from 0.23(%) to 0.39(%). The Available nitrogen (kg ha-1) ranged from 233.23(kg ha-1) to 278.24 (kg ha-1). The Available phosphorous (kg ha-1) ranged from 13.89 (kg ha-1) to 25.39 (kg ha-1). The Available potassium (kg ha-1) ranged from 187.99(kg ha-1 to 238.32 (kg ha- 1). The Exchangeable calcium [cmol (p+) kg-1] ranged from 3.03 to 4.24 [cmol (p+) kg-1]. The Exchangeable Magnesium [cmol (p+) kg -1] ranged from 1.45 to 2.21 [cmol (p+) kg-1]. It suggests that still improvement can be done by improving cropping pattern, decomposition of organic waste, mulching, tillage practices and proper irrigation by management practices with knowledge and experience gained through studies and lead farmers to achieve quality produce and high yield through soil conservation.