Biochar's Effects and Operations on Microbial Life within the Soil Ecosystem- A Review

This review explores the multifaceted impacts of biochar on soil ecosystems honing in on its capacity to improve soil characteristics and modify microbial behavior. Biochar is a carbon-rich substance generated through pyrolysis of biomass which has gained escalating interest within the scientific community due to its potential for boosting soil carbon sequestration enhancing soil fertility and mitigating soil pollutants. The improvements brought about by biochar extend to influencing the metabolic activities and community structures of soil microorganisms. Our investigation delves into the effects of biochar on soil physical and chemical properties, its influence on enzymatic activities, nutrient availability and its role in contaminant transformation. Notably, we also study the interplay between biochar and microbial entities elucidating possible mechanisms underpinning this interaction. Alongside the benefits of biochar use this review underscores potential risks, fostering a comprehensive understanding of the broader implications of biochar applications. By amalgamating current knowledge, we strive to lay the groundwork for future explorations in this field.