A Brief Overview on Sm3+ Doped Borate Glasses: Optical Property Evaluation and Spectroscopic Studies

The presence of heavy metal oxides in glass matrices can improve rare earth ion radiative parameters, therefore glasses containing heavy metal oxides have a wide range of applications in glass ceramics, optics, and electronics. Optical characterization of Sm3+ doped Lead Borate, Sodium Borate, and Sodium Lead Borate glasses was reported by measuring their densities, refractive indices, physical and non-linearity properties, absorption, and emission spectra to identify a better laser host material. Due to presence of the modifier, some absorption bands are disappeared. Absorption band intensities are calculated from the oscillation strengths (f). It was observed that f was directly proportional to the area to the absorption bands. Using XRD spectra, it was possible to determine the type of glass samples. Calculated from the observed oscillator strengths of the absorption bands are the Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters. Several radiative qualities were assessed by using these parameters to the emission spectrum data. The values of these characteristics show that by including PbO into the borate glass matrix and anticipating future laser transitions, the glass strength, stability, and optical qualities were greatly enhanced.