A Unique Case of Emphysematous Pyometra and Uterine Adenocarcinoma Co-Incidence in a Doberman Female Dog

Background: Emphysematous pyometra is a rare and potentially life-threatening condition observed in intact female dogs, characterized by the accumulation of infectious exudate within the uterus and accompanied by the presence of gas. This report highlights an exceptional case where two distinct medical conditions manifested concurrently in a female Doberman pinscher – the coexistence of emphysematous pyometra and uterine adenocarcinoma. This juxtaposition not only creates an uncommon clinical scenario but also introduces complex challenges in terms of effective clinical management and therapeutic decision-making.

Case Presentation: In this current case, a 4-year-old Doberman female dog underwent an ovariohysterectomy due to advanced purulent uterine infection. Upon gross examination, the uterine horns displayed distension and contained a mixture of fluid and gas. A uterine tissue sample was submitted for histopathological analysis, which unveiled thickened endometrial folds and the presence of neoplastic cells. Both gross and histopathological features confirmed the presence of emphysematous pyometra and uterine adenocarcinoma.

Conclusion: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this represents a novel case of concurrent emphysematous pyometra and uterine adenocarcinoma reported in canines. The extraordinary rarity of encountering both conditions simultaneously underscores the importance of thorough veterinary diagnostic protocols and prompt therapeutic interventions.