A BRIEF REVIEW ON THE THERAPEUTIC RESISTANCE AGAINST CANCER BY CANCER STEM CELL (CSC)

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are small subpopulation of cells within tumours which possess characteristics associated with normal stem cell such as self-renewal and differentiation. CSCs play crucial role in cancer development by regulating the cancer cell survival, metastatic potential, disease relapse and poor prognosis. There are many cell markers like CD44, CD24, EpCAM, CD133, CXCR4, cMet, ALDH1 which can identify the CSCs.These cells are poorly regulated through cell cycle and also have metastatic ability as well as long life span. Chemotherapy is a part of successful cancer treatment. But the CSC’s multidrug resistance mechanism (MDR) like high expression of ABC transporter, histone lysine demethylase, suppression of apoptosis, progesterone receptor membrane component-1(PGRMC1) and increased expression of aldehydrogenase-1 are responsible to resist chemotherapy. Combined therapies targeting CSCs and their progenies may represent the most promising approach for the future treatment of cancer patients. This review summarizes the characterisation and identification of CSCs, different multidrug resistance mechanism of CSCs and the advanced types of treatment mechanism.