The Pattern of Hematological Abnormalities in NS1 Positive Dengue Fever

Background: Dengue fever, caused by the dengue virus and transmitted by mosquitoes, is a global health threat, especially in tropical regions. The NS1 antigen is a key diagnostic marker for dengue. Hematological changes, such as platelet counts, white blood cells, and hematocrit levels, play a crucial role in diagnosing and managing NS1-positive dengue fever. Studying these abnormalities enhances our understanding of the disease and improves patient care.

Aim of the Study: The aim of the study was to assess the pattern of hematological abnormalities in NS1-positive dengue fever.

Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at the Department of Transfusion Medicine, Suhrawardy Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from February 2023 to September 2023. A total of 196 NS1 positive cases enrolled in this study using purposive sampling methods. Demographic and clinical data were meticulously recorded and analyzed with MS Office tools for dissemination.

Results: The majority of participants (51.53%) fell within the 16-28 age group, with 61% being male. Prominent symptoms included fever (82.1%), headache (62.8%), nausea (48.5%), and anorexia (42.9%). Dengue fever was the most frequent diagnosis (88.27%), followed by Dengue hemorrhagic fever (9.69%). Among those with leucopenia (n=68), lymphocytosis prevailed (41.18%), followed by neutrophilia (20.59%). In cases with platelet counts ≤20,000, petechiae were observed in 37.9%, hematemesis in 34.4%, and melena in 27.5%.

Conclusion: In assessing the NS1 positive dengue fever patients, among cases of leucopenia, lymphocytosis is currently more prevalent than neutrophilia. Among individuals with platelet counts ≤20,000, common bleeding manifestations are currently being observed. Among cases of leukocytosis, neutrophilia is predominantly found in half of such patients.