Identification, Isolation and Characterization of Immune Complexes in Various Renal Disorders

The purpose of this chapter was to identify, isolate and characterise the immune complexes in various renal disorders for understanding etiopathnogenesis as well as to study the possible role of immune complexes for glomerular damage. The kidney is a highly complicated organ that has developed to fulfill several vital roles, including the elimination of metabolic waste products, controlling salt and water balance in the body, maintaining a proper acid-base balance, and secreting a wide range of hormones and peptides.

The present study was conducted on renal biopsies referred to Pathology Department of G.S.V.M. Medical College, Kanpur and Regency Hospital Ltd., Kanpur. Frozen section of renal biopsy was taken for IF studies. Renal biopsy tissue was received in IF fluid containing Ammonium sulphate, N-ethyl malcimide, Magnesium sulphate. The lgG class of immunoglobulins was found to be most fatal to the GBM, the IgM and IgA were also found to cause glomerular damage. This mechanism was seen responsible for most cases of ICGN. The immune complexes play a very important role in various types of glomerular injury. The fixed as well as circulating immune complexes (CIC) are equally important in their involvement leading to renal damage. In the current investigation, fluorescent analysis of renal biopsy tissue was also conducted using Hollande's fixative, and it was found that routine H&E and immunofluorescent studies may be combined to provide a more accurate diagnosis. Assessing and comprehending the function of IC in the etiopathogenesis of diverse renal diseases would be facilitated by their identification and characterisation. In addition to providing an understanding of the fundamentals of the disease, it also makes it possible to comprehend the course of the illness and the many outcomes that might arise from various renal illnesses, which can eventually direct treatment and provide prognostic information.