The Impact of Gender-inclusive Practices on Solid Waste Management in Household Economic

Effective solid waste management is vital for sustainable development, influencing environmental quality, public health, and economic stability. However, the sector faces challenges such as inefficient collection, inadequate disposal, limited job opportunities, and gender inequality. This study examines the impact of gender-inclusive practices and employment on the efficiency and effectiveness of solid waste management, focusing on household economic outcomes. Conducted across three metropolitan Nigerian cities—Osogbo, Ilorin, and Ibadan—the study used a descriptive cross-sectional survey to collect both qualitative and quantitative data. Field surveys, stakeholder consultations, and a structured questionnaire were employed to gather primary data from 122 respondents, selected through stratified random sampling. Quantitative data analysis revealed that 59% of respondents reported positive impacts of gender-inclusive practices on waste management efficiency and effectiveness. Additionally, gender-based employment showed significant economic benefits for households, with 20.5% of waste collectors reporting positive economic impacts. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) indicated statistically significant improvements in efficiency and effectiveness metrics for gender-inclusive practices, with efficiency rates reaching 85% and effectiveness rates at 80% among groups implementing these practices (F = 6.2, p = 0.01). Recyclers showed the highest rate of gender-inclusive policy adoption (50%), contributing to improved operational outcomes. Qualitative insights from stakeholder consultations highlighted the importance of training and equal access to decision-making roles, particularly for female waste workers, who made up 51.6% of the sample. Many respondents noted that gender inclusion improved job satisfaction, community engagement, and work consistency. The study concludes that gender-inclusive practices enhance both operational performance and household economic stability, underscoring the need for targeted policies that support gender equality in the waste management sector. The findings contribute to the literature on gender equity in waste management and offer practical recommendations for policymakers aiming to foster sustainable, inclusive practices.